Programming Application & Framework

Wrote by Hansi

What is a face mask

Face masks are one tool utilized for preventing the spread of disease. They may also be called dental, isolation, laser, medical, procedure, or surgical masks. Face masks are loose-fitting masks that cover the nose and mouth and have ear loops or ties or bands at the back of the head. There are many different brands and they come in different colours. It is important to use a face mask approved by the FDA.

What is a face mask used for

Facemasks help limit the spread of germs. When someone talks, coughs or sneezes they may release tiny drops into the air that can infect others. If someone is ill a face mask can reduce the number of germs that the wearer releases and can protect other people from becoming sick. A face mask also protects the wearer’s nose and mouth from splashes or sprays of body fluids.

When should a face mask be worn

Consider wearing a face mask when you are sick with a cough or sneezing illness (with or without fever) and you expect to be around other people. The face mask will help protect them from catching your illness. Healthcare settings have specific rules for when people should wear face masks.

How to put on and remove a face mask

Disposable face masks should be used once and then thrown in the trash. You should also remove and replace masks when they become moist.

Always follow product instructions on the use and storage of the mask, and procedures for how to put on and remove a mask. If instructions for putting on and removing the mask are not available, then follow the steps below.

How to put on a face mask

Clean your hands with soap and water or hand sanitizer before touching the mask.
Remove a mask from the box and make sure there are no obvious tears or holes in either side of the mask.
Determine which side of the mask is the top. The side of the mask that has a stiff bendable edge is the top and is meant to mould to the shape of your nose.
Determine which side of the mask is the front. The coloured side of the mask is usually the front and should face away from you, while the white side touches your face.
Follow the instructions below for the type of mask you are using.
Face Mask with Earloops: Hold the mask by the ear loops. Place a loop around each ear.
Face Mask with Ties: Bring the mask to your nose level and place the ties over the crown of your head and secure with a bow.
Face Mask with Bands: Hold the mask in your hand with the nosepiece or top of the mask at fingertips, allowing the headbands to hang freely below hands. Bring the mask to your nose level and pull the top strap over your head so that it rests over the crown of your head. Pull the bottom strap over your head so that it rests at the nape of your neck.
Mould or pinch the stiff edge to the shape of your nose.
If using a face mask with ties: Then take the bottom ties, one in each hand, and secure with a bow at the nape of your neck.
Pull the bottom of the mask over your mouth and chin.

How to remove a face mask

Clean your hands with soap and water or hand sanitizer before touching the mask. Avoid touching the front of the mask. The front of the mask is contaminated. Only touch the ear loops/ties/band. Follow the instructions below for the type of mask you are using.
Face Mask with Earloops: Hold both of the ear loops and gently lift and remove the mask.
Face Mask with Ties: Untie the bottom bow first then untie the top bow and pull the mask away from you as the ties are loosened.
Face Mask with Bands: Lift the bottom strap over your head first then pull the top strap over your head.
Throw the mask in the trash. Clean your hands with soap and water or hand sanitizer.

Wrote by Hansi

Question 1

In what order do managers typically perform the managerial functions?

a) organising, planning, controlling, leading

b) organizing, leading, planning, controlling

💖c) planning, organising, leading, controlling

d) planning, organising, controlling, leading

Question 2

Who of the following is the industrial philanthropist?

a) Frederick Taylor

💖b) Seebohm Rowntree

c) Henry Ford

d) Max Weber

Question 3

Which one of the following is not one of Drucker's five guiding principles of management?

a) Making people's strengths effective and their weaknesses irrelevant.

b) Enhancing the ability of people to contribute.

💖c) To operate the organisation's status system.

d) Integrating people in a common venture by thinking through, setting and exemplifying the organisational objectives, values and goals.

Question 4

What are the three interpersonal roles of managers?

💖a) Figurehead, leader and liaison

b) Spokesperson, leader, coordinator

c) Director, coordinator, disseminator

d) Communicator, organiser, spokesperson

Question 5

At what level of an organisation does a corporate manager operate?

a) Functional

b) Operational

c) Middle level

💖d) Top-level

Question 6

What is the guiding principle behind New Public Management?

a) Profit maximisation

💖b) Introducing private sector business principles into the public sector

c) Replacing public management with private sector management

d) Restructuring public organisations

Question 7

Which one is not a recognised key skill of management?

a) Conceptual skills

b) Human skills

c) Technical skills

💖d) Writing skills

Question 8

Which of these is not part of the recognised challenges for modern managers?

💖a) Micro-managing the workforce

b) Managing communications

c) Managing change

d) Managing the learning organisation

Question 9

Who of these is the entrepreneur?

a) Barack Obama

💖b) James Dyson

c) Damien Hirst

d) Mo Farah

Question 10

What is a social enterprise concerned with?

a) Profit maximisation

b) Maximising market share

c) Providing public service

💖d) Running a business to create social benefits

Wrote by Hansi

Remarks

Welcome to Section 1 of Introduction to Image Processing.

This section provides an overview of the field of image processing and some examples of things that are covered in this course.

Importing Images

The first step in almost any image processing task is getting the images into the computer or importing the images into the software that will be used for the processing.

One way of doing that is to connect the computer and the software to a camera.

This shows the CurrentImage function in the Wolfram Language™, which captures an image from a camera connected to this computer and imports the image into this Wolfram Language session:

CurrentImage[]

You can also import images from files on your computer or from the internet.

For example, this imports a JPEG image from a file on the internet. JPEG is one of the dozens of common image formats:

❤

img = Import[ "https://cdn.pixabay.com/photo/2017/12/09/08/18/pizza-3007395_1280.\

jpg", ImageSize -> 640]

Images can also be generated by the computer.

For example, this uses the Image function to create an image from a table of numbers:

❤

Image[Abs@Table[Sin[.1 x y], {x, 1, 200}, {y, 1, 500}]]

Images can also be created from things displayed on the computer screen.

For example, this displays a plot and then uses the Rasterize function to convert that display to an image:

❤

Plot[Tan[x], {x, -1, 1}, PlotStyle -> Black]

❤

Rasterize[%, Background -> Yellow]

The image can then be edited or modified like any other image:

ColorNegate[%]

Adjusting Brightness and Contrast

After an image has been imported, there are a variety of things that can be done to modify the image, either for aesthetic reasons or to prepare the image for further analysis.

For example, this shows a Manipulate result with controls for modifying the brightness and contrast in an image:

Operations for adjusting brightness and contrast are discussed in Sections 2 and 3.

Histogram Operations

Contrast and brightness adjustment work by changing the image histogram, which is the distribution of colours and intensities in an image:

There are several common operations that involve other modifications of the image histogram.

For example, this shows an operation called colour transfer or histogram matching, which modifies the distribution of colours in one image to match the distribution of colours in another image:

Histogram matching and some related operations are discussed in Section 4.

Geometric Operations

Another group of basic image operations includes geometric operations like cropping, rotating and resizing an image.

For example, this shows a cropped and rotated version of the sample image created using the ImageRotate and ImageTrim functions:

Here is a Manipulate result that shows these geometric operations with sliders to control the amount of cropping, resizing and rotating:

Manipulate[
Image[ImageTrim[
ImagePerspectiveTransformation[img,
RotationTransform[\[Theta] Degree, ImageDimensions[img]/2],
DataRange -> Full], {pt - r, pt + r}, r, Padding -> Gray],
ImageSize -> 200], {{pt, ImageDimensions[img]/2}, {0, 0},
ImageDimensions[img]}, {{r, 100}, 25, 200}, {\[Theta], 0, 360},
ControlPlacement -> Left]

Basic geometric operations are covered in Section 8.

Segmentation

A key step in many image processing tasks is image segmentation, which means separating out different parts of the image.

There are many methods of segmentation. This shows segmentation using the Binarize function, which separates the image into two segments based on brightness.

The segmentation is represented here by a black-and white-image, with the bright segment identified by the white parts of that result and the darker segment identified by the black parts:

Binarize[img]

image segmentation is introduced in Section 5.

Once the image has been segmented, many things can be done with it.

For example, this picks out the biggest components in that segmentation, which in this example are the slices of pizza:

This input uses the ComponentMeasurements function to count the number of pieces in that segmentation and gives the size of each piece:

ComponentMeasurements[%, "Count"]

Out=

That example also introduces an area of image processing called image analysis, where the idea is to get information from the image instead of just modifying the image to get another image.

Selective Coloring

An image segment can also be used as a mask to provide a way to do things to selected parts of an image.

For example, this shows a segmentation that separates the pizza from everything else in the image:

mask = SelectComponents[
Binarize[img, .19], #Count > 5000 && #AdjacentBorderCount == 0 &,
CornerNeighbors -> False]

Out=

This uses that segment as a mask to remove the colour from everything other than the masked part of the image, so the background becomes black and white and the pizza remains in colour:

There are many other things that can be done in colour.

Here is an input that uses the ColorDistance function to segment the image based on similarity to the colour green, which identifies the green things on the pizza:

These operations and some basic colour theory are discussed in Section 6.

Clustering

Another method of segmentation is called clustering, which works by grouping similar colours in an image.

This shows segmentation by clustering used to separate the sample image into five segments. The Colorize function is used here to display each segment in a contrasting colour:

Segmentation by clustering is discussed in Section 7.

Image Enhancement

Another broad area of image processing is an image enhancement, which includes tools for reducing noise in images or repairing defects in images.

For example, here is a noisy version of the sample image:

This input shows smoothing out the noise using a Gaussian filter:

There are many other methods of noise reduction. This shows a method called a mean shift filter that does a slightly better job of preserving sharp edges in the image:

Image defects can also be corrected using a method called inpainting, which works by filling in defects using colours and textures from the surrounding parts of the image.

For inpainting, the part of the image that is to be filled in is identified by a mask.

This shows inpainting used with a mask that identifies everything other than the pizza as the part of the image to be filled in, which basically removes the background:

With a few adjustments, the background can also be filled in with more pizza:

Tools for noise reduction and other image enhancements are discussed in Section 9.

CurrentImage[]

CurrentImage[]

CurrentImage[]

manipulate:

English - Sinhala

Wrote by Hansi

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After restarting the eclipse

Open Eclipse and go to help->Install new software.. option available.

Click the down arrow available in work with field and select following link Kepler - http://download.eclipse.org/releases/kepler

Now select checkbox with name Web, XML, Java EE and OSGi Enterprise Development click next -> next -> accept the licence requirement -> finish.

Wait for some time till plugins got downloaded.

Restart the eclipse and now go to file->new->other->web and you will see the project will be available

What is a face mask

What is a face mask used for

When should a face mask be worn

How to put on and remove a face mask

How to put on a face mask

How to remove a face mask

Question 1

💖c) planning, organising, leading, controlling

Question 2

💖b) Seebohm Rowntree

Question 3

💖c) To operate the organisation's status system.

Question 4

💖a) Figurehead, leader and liaison

Question 5

💖d) Top-level

Question 6

💖b) Introducing private sector business principles into the public sector

Question 7

💖d) Writing skills

Question 8

💖a) Micro-managing the workforce

Question 9

💖b) James Dyson

Question 10

💖d) Running a business to create social benefits

Assets = Liabilities + Capital

Remarks

Importing Images

CurrentImage[]

Adjusting Brightness and Contrast

Selective Coloring

Clustering

Image Enhancement

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